Endocrinology and Metabolism

Original Articles

Thyroid
Long-Term Changes in the Mortality Rates of Thyroid Cancer in Korea: Analysis of Korean National Data from 1985 to 2020: Yun Mi Choi, Min-Ju Kim, Jiwoo Lee, Mi Kyung Kwak, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Won Bae Kim, Won Gu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(5):588-595. Published online September 8, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1723

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Background
Thyroid cancer mortality has been largely overlooked as relatively stable given the large gap between thyroid cancer incidence and mortality. This study evaluated long-term trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) throughout Korea and compared them with mortality data reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER).
Methods
Cancer-specific mortality data from 1985 to 2020 were obtained from Statistics Korea. ASMRs from thyroid cancer were calculated based on the Korean mid-year resident registration population of 2005. We assessed SEER*Explorer and downloaded the mortality data.
Results
The ASMR increased from 0.19 to 0.77/100,000 between 1985 and 2002 but decreased continuously to 0.36/100,000 in 2020. The annual percent change (APC) in the ASMR between 1985 and 2003 and between 2003 and 2020 was 6.204 and −4.218, respectively, with similar patterns observed in both men and women. The ASMR of the SEER showed a modest increase from 1988 to 2016 and then stabilized. In subgroup analysis, the ASMR of the old age group (≥55 years) increased significantly from 0.82 in 1985 to 3.92/100,000 in 2002 (APC 6.917) but then decreased again to 1.86/100,000 in 2020 (APC −4.136). ASMRs according to the age group in the SEER showed a relatively stable trend even in the elderly group.
Conclusion
The ASMR of thyroid cancer in Korea had increased from 1985 to 2002 but has since been steadily decreasing. This trend was mainly attributed to elderly people aged 55 or over. The absolute APC value of Korea was much higher than that of the SEER.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

It Is Time to Understand the Additional Benefits of Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Kyeong Jin Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(1): 95. CrossRef
A Clinical Audit of Thyroid Hormonal Replacement After Total Thyroidectomy
Islam Mansy, Abdelfatah M Elsenosy, Eslam M Hassan, Mujtaba Zakria
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Thyroid Big Data Articles (National Health Insurance Service Database)
Recent Changes in the Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Korea between 2005 and 2018: Analysis of Korean National Data: Yun Mi Choi, Jiwoo Lee, Mi Kyung Kwak, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Won Bae Kim, Won Gu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):791-799. Published online October 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1533

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Background
In this study, we evaluated the recent changes in the standardized, age-specific, stage-specific incidence rates (IRs) of thyroid cancer in Korea and compared them with the incidence data reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.
Methods
The analysis was conducted using the incidence data (2005 to 2018) from the Statistics Korea and Korea Central Cancer Registry.
Results
The age-standardized IR (SIR) of thyroid cancer increased from 24.09 per 100,000 in 2005 to 74.83 in 2012 (annual percent change [APC], 14.5). From 2012 to 2015, the SIR decreased to 42.52 (APC, –17.9) and then remained stable until 2018 (APC, 2.1). This trend was similar in both men and women. Regarding age-specific IRs, the IRs for ages of 30 years and older showed a trend similar to that of the SIR; however, for ages below 30 years, no significant reduction was observed from the vertex of IR in 2015. Regarding stage-specific IRs, the increase was more prominent in those with regional disease (APC, 17.4) than in those with localized disease until 2012; then, the IR decreased until 2015 (APC, –16.1). The average APC from 2005 to 2018 increased in men, those under the age of 30 years, and those with regional disease.
Conclusion
The SIR in Korea peaked in 2012 and decreased until 2015 and then remained stable until 2018. However, in young individuals under the age of 30 years, the IR did not significantly decrease but tended to increase again. In terms of stage-specific IRs, the sharpest increase was seen among those with regional disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of postoperative pain between transoral and conventional thyroidectomy: a propensity score-matched analysis
Min Kyu Park, Van Cuong Nguyen, Eugene Kim, Chang Myeon Song, Yong Bae Ji, Jin Hyeok Jeong, Kyung Tae
Surgical Endoscopy.2024; 38(3): 1512. CrossRef
Contents analysis of thyroid cancer-related information uploaded to YouTube by physicians in Korea: endorsing thyroid cancer screening, potentially leading to overdiagnosis
EunKyo Kang, HyoRim Ju, Soojeong Kim, Juyoung Choi
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Bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic total thyroidectomy without isthmectomy: a case report
Hyeji Kim, Hyeonuk Hwang, Hyungju Kwon
The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Consumption of Iodine-Rich Foods and Thyroid Cancer Prevalence: Findings from a Large Population-Based Study
Yu-Jin Kwon, Hye-Sun Lee, Sang-Wook Kang, Ji-Won Lee
Nutrients.2024; 16(7): 1041. CrossRef
Cancer and Mortality Risks of Graves’ Disease in South Korea Based on National Data from 2010 to 2019
Young Ju Choi, Kyungdo Han, Won Kyoung Cho, Min Ho Jung, Byung-Kyu Suh
Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 535. CrossRef
Survival Comparison of Incidentally Found versus Clinically Detected Thyroid Cancers: An Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort Study
Shinje Moon, Eun Kyung Lee, Hoonsung Choi, Sue K. Park, Young Joo Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(1): 81. CrossRef
Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome increases thyroid cancer risk in young adults: a population-based cohort study
Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 38(4): 526. CrossRef
Cost-Effectiveness of Active Surveillance Compared to Early Surgery of Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population
Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Kwangsoon Kim, Jaseong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim, Sungju Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Chulmin Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-Term Changes in the Mortality Rates of Thyroid Cancer in Korea: Analysis of Korean National Data from 1985 to 2020
Yun Mi Choi, Min-Ju Kim, Jiwoo Lee, Mi Kyung Kwak, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Won Bae Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 588. CrossRef
Age and Post-Lobectomy Recurrence after Endoscopic or Robotic Thyroid Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 2348 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients
Jin-Seong Cho, Yong-Min Na, Hee Kyung Kim
Cancers.2023; 15(23): 5506. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Changes in Thyroid Peroxidase and Thyroglobulin Antibodies Might Be Associated with Graves' Disease Relapse after Antithyroid Drug Therapy: Yun Mi Choi, Mi Kyung Kwak, Sang Mo Hong, Eun-Gyoung Hong; Endocrinol Metab. 2019;34(3):268-274. Published online September 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.3.268

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Background

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder caused by antibodies stimulating the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor. TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) measurement is useful for predicting GD relapse after antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment. However, the association of other thyroid autoantibodies with GD relapse remains obscure.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled patients with GD who were initially treated with ATD. TRAb, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were measured at the initial diagnosis and at the time of ATD discontinuation.

Results

A total of 55 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 49.7 years, and 39 patients (70.9%) were female. Antibody positivity at diagnosis was 90.9%, 69.1%, and 61.9% for TRAb, TPOAb, TgAb, respectively. Median ATD treatment period was 15.1 months. At the time of ATD withdrawal, TRAb titers decreased uniformly overall. Conversely, TPOAb and TgAb showed various changes. After withdrawal of ATD, 19 patients (34.5%) experienced relapse. No clinical features or laboratory results were significantly related to relapse in the overall patient group. However, in the TPOAb positive group at diagnosis, increasing titer of TPOAb or TgAb after ATD treatment was significantly and independently related to relapse free survival (TPOAb: hazard ratio [HR], 17.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66 to 195.43; P=0.02) (TgAb: HR, 5.73; 95% CI, 1.21 to 27.26; P=0.03).

Conclusion

Changes in TPOAb or TgAb titers during treatment might be useful for predicting relapse after ATD treatment in patients with positive TPOAb at diagnosis.

Citations

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Enhanced predictive validity of integrative models for refractory hyperthyroidism considering baseline and early therapy characteristics: a prospective cohort study
Xinpan Wang, Tiantian Li, Yue Li, Qiuyi Wang, Yun Cai, Zhixiao Wang, Yun Shi, Tao Yang, Xuqin Zheng
Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical significance of thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies in Graves’ disease: a cross-sectional study
Masahito Katahira, Taku Tsunekawa, Akira Mizoguchi, Mariko Yamaguchi, Kahori Tsuru, Hiromi Takashima, Ryoma Terada
Hormones.2023; 22(2): 253. CrossRef
The Clinical Implications of Anti-thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Graves’ Disease in Basrah
Emad S Alhubaish, Nassar T Alibrahim, Abbas A Mansour
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies Serum Levels in Graves' Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Maria L Guia Lopes, Carlos Tavares Bello, José P Cidade, Clotilde Limbert, Joao Sequeira Duarte
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Interpretation of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Hyperthyroidism
Han-Sang Baek, Dong-Jun Lim
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2023; 98(3): 132. CrossRef
Usefulness of Real-Time Quantitative Microvascular Ultrasonography for Differentiation of Graves’ Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis in Thyrotoxic Patients
Han-Sang Baek, Ji-Yeon Park, Chai-Ho Jeong, Jeonghoon Ha, Moo Il Kang, Dong-Jun Lim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(2): 323. CrossRef
Differential Diagnosis of Thyrotoxicosis by Machine Learning Models with Laboratory Findings
Jinyoung Kim, Han-Sang Baek, Jeonghoon Ha, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Ho Song, Dong-Jun Lim, Ki-Hyun Baek
Diagnostics.2022; 12(6): 1468. CrossRef
The relationship between atherosclerotic disease and relapse during ATD treatment
Xinxin Zhu, Yaguang Zhang, Xiaoyu Zhao, Xiaona Zhang, Zixuan Ru, Yanmeizhi Wu, Xu Yang, Boyu Hou, Hong Qiao
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in Korean Patients
Jee Hee Yoon, Min-ho Shin, Hee Nam Kim, Wonsuk Choi, Ji Yong Park, A Ram Hong, Hee Kyung Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(3): 599. CrossRef
Low frequency of IL-10-producing B cells and high density of ILC2s contribute to the pathological process in Graves’ disease, which may be related to elevated-TRAb levels
Xiaoyun Ji, Jie Wan, Rong Chen, Huixuan Wang, Lan Huang, Shwngjun Wang, Zhaoliang Su, Huaxi Xu
Autoimmunity.2020; 53(2): 78. CrossRef
Implication of VDR rs7975232 and FCGR2A rs1801274 gene polymorphisms in the risk and the prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases in the Tunisian population
S Mestiri, I Zaaber, I Nasr, H Marmouch
Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics.2020; 23(1): 69. CrossRef
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Positivity is Associated With Relapse-Free Survival Following Antithyroid Drug Treatment for Graves Disease
Christopher A. Muir, Graham R.D. Jones, Jerry R. Greenfield, Andrew Weissberger, Katherine Samaras
Endocrine Practice.2020; 26(9): 1026. CrossRef
Predicting the Risk of Graves Disease Relapse: Commentary on “Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Positivity is Associated with Relapse-Free Survival Following Antithyroid Drug Treatment for Graves Disease”
D. Gallo, M.L. Tanda, E. Piantanida
Endocrine Practice.2020; 26(9): 1039. CrossRef

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